

You can short stocks. You can even short ETFs. Have you ever heard of Short ETFs? The ProShares Short Dow 30 ETF (DOG) will return the inverse of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) on daily basis. If the DJIA falls by 2%, DOG rises by 2% and if the DJIA rises by 2%, DOG will fall by 2%. Short ETF returns the inverse of the index it is linked to.
During the past few years, the number of Short ETFs has risen dramatically. Short ETFs not only cover the major stock indices like the S&P 500 or the DJIA but also different sectors like the energy, utilities or technology. You will even find Inverse ETFs on currencies now. Short ETFs are also known as Inverse ETFs or Bear ETFs.
The ProShares UltraShort Dow 30 ETF (DXD) rises 2% when the DJIA falls by 1%. So you can even find leverage short ETFs. A leveraged short ETF gives the trader leverage without the use of margins.
Over the years, short ETFs have risen in popularity with the investors and hedge funds. Short ETFs give you an excellent opportunity to profit from the volatility in the market and the major indices.
If you have been trading currencies, then you should know that inverse currency ETFs are a great way to profit from the volatility in the underlying currencies. Short ETFs are a great product as they have created new opportunities for traders. A trader had to actually short sell stocks to take advantage of a market drop before the introduction of short ETFs.
In the past if the market was dropping, the trader had to go against the trend and buy or else move into cash or fixed income. Traders are not allowed to sell short stocks or ETFs in their retirement accounts. Short and leveraged ETFs provide traders with new opportunities.
China is one example that garners a lot of attention. The Shanghai Index in China rose 100% in 2007. In the first quarter of 2008, the Shanghai Index was down 35%. ETFs also provide you with the opportunity to take advantage of the global market swings.
In the past, traders who wanted to benefit from the fall of Chinese stocks could only short Chinese stocks that were traded in US Stock Exchanges. The ProShares family of ETFs introduced the Ultrashort FTSE/Xinhua China 25 ETF (FXP). Now if you want to trade the fall of Chinese stocks, you can trade FXP ETF.
As a long term investor you can take advantage of short ETFs to hedge your portfolio position. Assume you have a portfolio of $100,000 composed of 75% stocks and 25% money market fixed income.
The forecast of the market for the next six months is not good. But you are reluctant to sell your stocks due to tax reasons. Suppose the market falls by 10%. Your stock portfolio falls by 7.5% assuming the same ratio between the market and your portfolio.
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Market conditions keep on changing. What works now may not work in the future. What had worked in the past may not work anymore. It is very difficult to develop a trading system that can adjust to different market conditions. In simple terms, it is very difficult to adjust a mechanical trading system to a different market conditions if you are not the author of that system.
So how do you cater for this fact that markets keep on changing all the time. For that, you will need to develop a diversified trading system consisting of a set of trading systems that can be used as a basis for a specific trade tactics at any given moment.
Trading systems based on these principles can be complex and adjustable. Such a diversified trading system can be used according to a trader’s free choice and considering the individual situation.
Such a diversified trading system can be optimized for current market condition and the trader’s resources at any given moment. This optimization can provide an effective evaluation of market shits and trends at any given time.
The optimal solution could be a diversified trading system based on the natural market features and regularities. A trading system needs to be evaluated by calculating its win ratio over let’s say at least 100 trades. The only thing necessary is to find the tools for the probability evaluation for the trading system with maximum accuracy and minimum time.
A mechanical trading system is a better solution than a discrete trading. Developing a mechanical trading system with a set of trading rules that you can apply rigorously in making your trading decisions in any market condition should be your goal. Mechanical trading is good in the sense that it helps you avoid emotions in making your trading decisions. Emotions are your biggest enemy in trading. Fear and greed will always force you to make wrong trading decisions. Have you ever heard about the turtle trading experiment? This experiment was done in’80s in the commodity futures market.
So in the end what you need is to develop your own trading system that has been thoroughly tested and its performance parameters measure accurately by you. If you have a good trading system, you can become a highly successful trader. Turtle trading experiment was conducted to demonstrate the fact that it’s not the trader that matters; it’s the trading system that matters.
What you need to do is learn from successful traders and try to copy their trading systems. As a young person you must have learned that just by observing good players play their games you could improve your level of playing tennis, golf, badminton, swimming or for that matter any type of game.
The same principle applies in trading. You need to take a look at these 25 forex trading systems that had emerged on the top of more than 5000 traders who had taken part in a recent forex trading championship. The best forex trading system had an ROI of almost 3000% in one month. By observing the trading systems of successful traders you can also develop your own highly successful trading system.
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An investor who is short selling is borrowing stocks from the brokers and selling them to another buyer. The sale money goes to the account of the investor. At some point, the investor has to buy back the stock ideally at a lower price to make profit and return it to the broker.
You must be proficient in using technical indicators if you want to become a trader. Without learning technical analysis, you will always be doing trading on your hunches which is a bad thing. Suppose you are using the RSI technical indicator that is giving a crossover sell signal. All signs are pointing towards at least a small pullback. You feel that the stock ABC is overvalued at $60 and at some point in the near future the market will make a correction.
You place an order to short 1000 shares of ABC stock at $60. 1000 shares of stock ABC are sold at $60 and $60,000 is placed in your account. Over the next week, you are jittery as the stock ABC instead of going down climbs to $65.
However, you have catered for this eventuality by placing a stop loss at 10% of your account. This comes out to be $6,000. So the stop loss is not triggered and you are still in the market hoping for the price to stop going up.
You are prepared to lose $6,000 in anticipation of a stock price tumble as your technical indicators are giving you the sell signals. If the price goes up to $66, your stop loss will be triggered and you will be out of the market.
Suddenly on the release of a disappointing earnings report, the stock price tumbles 20% in one day. Now most earnings mishaps last a few days. So you wait and don’t cover your short position for the next few days.
Market hates sudden surprises. Anything that is already known to the market is already included in the price of the stock. So this negative earnings report was a sudden surprise. You decide to cover your short position, stock ABC price falls to $45. You need to buy back the 100 shares of ABC that were sold short earlier at the market price of $45 in order to close your position.
You pay $45,000 to buy back 1000 shares of stock ABC and return them to your broker. So your net profit in this case is $60,000-$45,000= $15,000. With this simple example, you should be able to understand the mechanics of short selling stocks.
Assume that you had bought the stocks for $45 per share and sold them at $60 per share, the same profit would have been made. In reality, you paid $45 per share to buy ABC stocks and sold them at $60 per share giving you a profit of $15 per share.
When you short a stock, the goal is to sell it at a higher price but in the case of short selling stocks, selling takes place first instead of buying. The goal of buying a stock is to sell it at a higher price in the future.
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When the market is falling, investors sell short a stock with the goal of profiting from the fall in the price of that stock. Many beginning investors get confused when they realize that it is possible to make money when the stock falls in price. In practice, shorting a stock is as easy as buying stocks once you get hang of it.
When you short a stock, you borrow it from you broker and sell it with the intention of buying it back at a lower price in the near term future and returning it to your broker. The difference between the selling price and the buying price in case the price goes down is your profit.
When the price of a stock goes down, you make profit. You are anticipating further fall in the price of the stock when you short a stock. However, if the price of the stock instead of going down starts to go up, you get a loss.
Many people are afraid of short selling stocks. They are right to some extent. Theoretically a stock price can go up and up making your loss as big as infinity. In such a scenario, your loss can be infinite. So shorting a stock without proper risk and money management is not wise. However, before that happens most probably you will receive a margin call from your broker that leads to a forced sale before your losses reach unmanageable proportions.
Short selling can play havoc with companies. If there is a short selling attack on a company’s stock by speculators, the company can easily go bankrupt. This is precisely what happened in 2008. Short sellers were responsible for bringing many blue chip companies down. In the stock market crash of 2008, many financial companies went bankrupt due to the short selling of their shares by the speculators. Some people are against the strategy of shorting stocks. A temporary ban was put on shorting for sometime during that period.
However, the goal of short selling is not to drive the price of a stock to zero and put the company out of business. In swing trading, we are simply looking to profit from the ups and downs of stock prices. When the price of a stock goes down, short selling is the best swing trading strategy.
Negative news like poor earning, credit rating downgrade or a poor product launch can bring down a stock price in a matter of minutes and wipe out the steady gains made in months. One reason why swing traders love short selling is due to the velocity of the moves!
Swing traders always look for big winners and this brings them to the short side of the market. When the price of a stock starts to fall, chances are it will fall more before the market stabilizes and the price starts to rise again. Shot selling can be a good hedging strategy for long term investors too. So if you a long term investor, you can lessen the impact of the sharp price drop on your portfolio by using a short selling hedging strategy.
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You need to develop your own forex trading system overtime. Using someone else’s trading system won’t help if you really want to become a successful trader. At one point in your trading career that might come soon rather than later, you would want to switch over to a mechanical trading system. Using a mechanical trading system not only helps traders to make decisions and increase profits but it also provides great psychological comfort to the traders.
You will also have to develop a systems approach to your trading. You will find most of the traders using a trading system approach to trading. You will realize the necessity of switching over to the system trade in order to lower the psychological pressure experienced when making every market transaction. Some of the traders may use a discrete trading system while others prefer a mechanical trading system. Trading without a system can be stressful.
Once you have a mechanical trading system you can easily develop it into an automated trading system. The mechanical trading system set of rules may be translated into a computer program for automated trading. However, the mechanical trading system lacks fundamental analysis capacity.
With the advancement in computer programming, these automated trading systems have the capability of entering or exiting trades automatically without human intervention. The creator of such a mechanical trading system then becomes just another user of the trading system monitoring the computer generated signals. The trading system then generates trading signals that can be used by traders having access to the trading system.
Developing these automated forex trading systems is the name of the game these days. These automated forex trading systems are also known as forex robots. These trading systems may be taken as grey and black boxes. Their prices might vary from a few hundred dollars to hundred of thousands of dollars. Many traders over their trading careers develop their own trading systems. Besides the traders using their own trading systems, there are now many actively developed trading systems for sale as computer programs.
The most significant thing about these programs is that the traders should be able to accomplish transactions in accordance with the signals generated by the trading system. Sometimes theses trading systems are developed for big banks and corporations.
Majority of the successful individual traders use self developed mechanical trading systems. However, it is very difficult for a mechanical trading system to cope with different market conditions.
For example, many trading systems that are satisfactory in trending conditions become highly ineffective in nontrending environment. Change of market behavior leads to negative results from a previously effective trading system which obviously would require replacement.
The most common disadvantage of these trading systems is the negative balance between the profitable and unprofitable trades. Many trading systems now depend on complex mathematical formula which is not understandable by the trader if the trader is not the author of the trading system.
In other words, the average profit of each profitable transaction is greater than the average loss of each unprofitable transaction. Obviously the trading system can only be profitable in the long run if the ratio of the profitable trades is higher than the non-profitable trades.
As a user of a mechanical trading system your options are limited. The trader must accurately and unconditionally follow the trading system without making any attempt to adjust it to the market conditions. Making correction in any mechanical trading system in the process of the trade is almost impossible until and unless you are the developer of that trading system. This is one of the reasons why you need to develop your own trading system.
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Currency trading volumes in the Asia Pacific session account for about 21% of the total daily global volume. The financial centers active during the Asia Pacific session are Wellington, Sydney, Tokyo, Hong Kong and Singapore. The currency pairs traded are USD/JPY, EUR/JPY and AUD/JPY.
News and data reports from Australia, New Zealand and Japan are going to be hitting the market during the session. In terms of the move actively traded currency pairs during the Asia Pacific trading session this news and data affects their price action.
The Japanese financial centers are most active during this session so you can get a sense of what the Japanese market is doing based on price movements. Much of the action during this session is focused on the Japanese Yen currency pairs because of the size of the Japanese market and the importance of Japanese data to the market.
European financial centers begin to open up and the market gets to its full swing about midway through the Asian trading day. European financial centers and London represent over 50% of the total global trading volume.
The European session overlaps with half of the Asian trading day and half of the North American trading day which means that the market interest and liquidity is at its peak during the European session.
As a result some the biggest moves and the most active trading takes place in the European currencies (EUR, GBP and CHF) and the euro cross currency pairs (EUR/CHF and EUR/GBP).
The trading volumes are much bigger in the European Session because of the overlap between the North American and European trading sessions. Some of the biggest and most meaningful directional price movements take place during this crossover period.
The North American trading session accounts for roughly the same share of the global trading volume as the Asia Pacific market, or about 22% of the daily global trading volume.
The North American morning is when US key economic data are released and the forex market makes many of its significant decisions on the value of USD. Most US data reports are released around 8:30 AM EST with others coming out later at around 9 AM and 10:00 AM EST.
Canadian economic data reports are also released between 7 and 9 AM EST. There are some US economic reports that come out at noon or at 2:00 PM EST livening up the New York afternoon market.
When the European trading session closes, most of the European traders try to close their open positions. The London or European close can bring volatile flurries of activity. London and European financial centers begin to wind down their daily trading operations around noon eastern time each day. The 12 to 15 hours before an important news announcement (i.e. the U.S. FOMC announcement or the U.S. Non-farm payroll) is a low volume time in the market as well because most banks and institutional traders are sitting on the sidelines waiting to see what the news will be. And as we just discussed, lower trading volumes lead to choppy, ranging markets. And again, choppy, ranging markets are one of the best times to scalp and pull pips out of the market.
On most trading days, market liquidity and interest falls off significantly in the New York afternoon this can make for challenging trading conditions. On quiet days, the generally lower market interest typically leads to stagnating price action.
Mr. Ahmad Hassam is a Harvard University Graduate. He is interested in day trading stocks and currencies. Try These 1500 Pips A Day Forex Signals From Heaven. Know Forex Rebellion!
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The results must be converted to dollars using the current exchange rate between the quote currency and the US Dollar in order to obtain the dollar value of the pip if the quote currency is anything other than US Dollar. Here are a few examples:
Example No 1: Lets take the currency pair USD/JPY. JPY is the quote currency here. Using our formula: Pip value for 1 standard lot of USD/JPY= 100,000 (Lot Size)*1(No of Lots)*0.01(Pip Size) = 1000.
The quote currency is in Yen, so the value of 1 pip on a standard lot is also in Yen. You need to convert this pip value into USD if your account is in US Dollar. The broker will do that for you automatically if you instruct the broker to do so.
You should understand that until you instruct the broker to exchange currencies into your own currency, your profit and loss will stay in that currency you made a profit or loss in. So instruct your forex broker that you need your profit and loss statements in US Dollar. However, lets try to learn to do these calculations ourselves as well.
Suppose the USD/JPY rate is 101.02. The Dollar pip value will be 1000/101.02= $ 9.89. Therefore, 1 pip is equal to $ 9.89 in the case of USD/JPY for a standard lot at the exchange rate of 101.02.
Second Example: Now consider the currency pair EUR/GBP. It is a cross currency pair. Meaning it does not involve USD on any side. Any currency pair that does not have USD in it is known as the cross currency pair. Some cross currency pairs are very important. The base currency in the currency pair EUR/GBP is Euro and the quote currency is British Pound.
The value of pip will be in Pounds as the quote currency is in British Pounds. Pip value for a standard lot of EUR/GBP= 100,000 (Lot Size)*1 (Number of Lots)*0.0001(Pip Size) = 10.
You need the GBP/USD exchange rate in order to convert into USD. Suppose the GBP/USD exchange rate is 1.8465. Dollar pip value will be 10*1.8465=$18.46.
Third Example: The base currency is Euro in the currency pair EUR/USD. The quote currency is in USD so you wont have to make any conversions. Pip value on a standard lot=100,000(Lot Size)*1(Number of Lots)*0.0001(Pip Size) = $10 per pip.
Surprisingly, leverage does not affect the pip value. Leverage chosen by the trader whether it is 50:1, 100:1 200:1, 400:1 or somewhere in between, has absolutely no bearing whatsoever on the pip value. However, the lot size, amount of lots traded and the specific currency pair traded will certainly affect the pip value.
The exchange rate for any currency pair is expressed in the form of bid/ask. For example the EUR/USD exchange rate might be 0.9955/0.9959. The first number is the bid price that you will get if you sell Euros against US Dollar. The second number is the ask price, the price at which the broker will sell you Euros against US Dollar.
Spread is also an important concept that you need to know. The difference between the bid and ask price is known as the spread. Spread is the brokers profit. Sometimes there can be slippage also. New traders often think that the difference between the price they see on their charts and the price the broker quotes them is slippage. This is wrong. Your charting software and broker prices are two different things.
Mr. Ahmad Hassam is a Harvard University Graduate. He is interested in day trading stocks and currencies. Try These 1500 Pips A Day Forex Signals From Heaven. Know Forex Rebellion!
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